Literatura Egipcia

Por UDC PRENSA 18/11/2009 10:38:00 a.m.

Al escuchar la palabra “Egipto” la comenzamos a asociar con palabras como pirámides, templos, tumbas, faraones, momias, camellos, arena, y algunas veces también la relacionamos con películas, viajes, bailarinas, tatuajes, comida, etc. pero mas allá de tumbas y faraones y  existe un mundo inimaginable de historia y conocimientos que los antiguos egipcios poseían, desde las matemáticas y la física hasta la arquitectura y la filosofía. En esta ocasión quiero hacer mención a lo que fue su literatura.  

La literatura del Antiguo Egipto ha perdurado a través de los miles de años que han trascurrido desde su creación hasta la actualidad, conservándose algunos de ellos casi intactos. Su literatura habla principalmente de problemas políticos, religión, historia y sociedad; deidades, el Nilo y los astros entre otros, eran su mayor fuente de inspiración. Las escrituras en su mayoría, se pueden ver grabadas en templos y tumbas, que dentro de las mismas,  se guardaban  papiros con las inscripciones.  

Entre el año 2800 y el 2200 antes de Cristo, se considero el más brillante de la literatura egipcia, alcanzando la cima con Textos de los Sarcófagos y la historia de Sinuhé, escrita en prosa y en verso, que narra la historia de un exiliado egipcio y su vida entre las tribus nómadas de Siria.

Pero aun siendo la primera cultura en desarrollar la literatura tal y como la conocemos hoy en día; existía una gran dificultad para llevarla acabo debido a esta solo se había inventado por necesidades mercantiles, religiosas y no como expresión literaria. Había una escasez de material, por lo cual muchas de las veces los textos eran plasmados sobre papiros y arcilla, que tal vez por su poca calidad se fueron perdiendo a través de el paso del tiempo. Otro problema que presentaba en la literatura era el de su traducción debido a que era muy complicada. Algunas veces lo textos no estaban completos y si lo estaban no se les daba el mismo valor interpretativo por  que no existe traducción de algunas palabras, perdiendo así, algunos valores metafóricos.

Entre sus características estaba la repetición de ideas y estructuras gramaticales, la invocación a las divinidades y en manejo constante de la mitología, guiando al hombre por el camino a la valoración de las grandiosidad de los dioses y de el mismo. Su escritura constaba de tres tipos: jeroglífica, hierática y demótica, esta última correspondiente al periodo tardío del antiguo Egipto.

El último periodo de la literatura egipcia fue 100 a 300 a.C y a  partir del siglo VIII, Egipto fue conquistado por los árabes musulmanes y su literatura tuvo un cambio radical: los papiros fueron sustituidos por el papel de tela y se introdujo la caligrafía como sistema de escritura, siendo su fuente de escritura todo lo relacionado  al Islam, algo que hasta la actualidad se sigue manteniendo.

 

Nora Salazar Cervantes   

http://www.jimena.com/egipto/apartados/LA%20LITERATURA%20EN%20EL%20ANTIGUO%20EGIPTO.htmhttp://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Literatura_de_Egipto

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